_______               __                   _______
       |   |   |.---.-..----.|  |--..-----..----. |    |  |.-----..--.--.--..-----.
       |       ||  _  ||  __||    < |  -__||   _| |       ||  -__||  |  |  ||__ --|
       |___|___||___._||____||__|__||_____||__|   |__|____||_____||________||_____|
                                                             on Gopher (inofficial)
   URI Visit Hacker News on the Web
       
       
       COMMENT PAGE FOR:
   URI   OpenAI’s promise to stay in California helped clear the path for its IPO
       
       
        sanskarix wrote 41 min ago:
        One angle I haven’t seen much here: governance isn’t just “where
        is HQ?”—it’s who sets the operational guardrails when commercial
        pressure collides with model risk. A PBC charter can, in theory, encode
        non-financial priorities, but practically you need hard mechanisms: an
        independent red-team budget with board visibility, publish-and-freeze
        safety commitments that can’t be quietly walked back in the S-1, and
        a binding incident disclosure policy (think SOC-style) for model
        regressions and abuse vectors.
        
        If California wanted durable leverage beyond a “we’ll stay”
        letter, they could have tied approval to these process-level controls
        with measurable KPIs (eval transparency, red-team scope, postmortem
        SLAs). That would make the social license less about geography and more
        about demonstrable stewardship. Curious if anyone spotted language in
        the MoU that bites at this level rather than just the incorporation
        mechanics.
       
        figassis wrote 2 hours 7 min ago:
        Question: what does this mean for trust in any non profit structure if
        it’s this easy to convert? Why would investors put money in something
        they will get no returns on, but that the operators can at anytime turn
        into profits for themselves?
       
          ashdksnndck wrote 2 hours 1 min ago:
          The new nonprofit is getting $130B of OpenAI stock, which is 1000x
          more than the donations OpenAI received as a nonprofit. IMO the
          nonprofit donors have a valid complaint that OpenAI is changing the
          deal anyway, but the numbers seem worth noting.
       
        nemo44x wrote 5 hours 49 min ago:
        Good to see California coming to its senses after years of fever
        dreams. Disparaging their tech blessings and holding their biggest
        revenue source in contempt out of jealousy was a losing strategy.
        Hopefully those people are marginalized more and more and we can again
        celebrate technology innovation and the vast wealth and prosperity it
        brings millions of people.
       
        deadbabe wrote 6 hours 35 min ago:
        Where else would OpenAI move to? Texas? Florida?
       
        htrp wrote 6 hours 52 min ago:
        Targeting 1 trillion valuation
       
        ulfw wrote 6 hours 53 min ago:
        The IPO of a 'non-profit'. Such a beautiful thing.
       
        andy99 wrote 7 hours 34 min ago:
        IPO is to leave someone holding the bag, right? The narrative has
        really changed from AGI, the most consequential technology, blabla. If
        I had that I would keep it private. If I wanted to cash out, I’d do
        an IPO. Is there a narrative that doesn’t make it seem like pump and
        dump?
       
          derekdahmer wrote 3 hours 5 min ago:
          They have 800M weekly active users that have yet to be monetized but
          enormous capital costs.  It makes sense they'd be looking to raise
          large amounts of money in an IPO.
       
          linuxftw wrote 7 hours 12 min ago:
          In the before times, companies went public to raise capital in order
          to grow their business.
       
            sexeriy237 wrote 6 hours 14 min ago:
            It hasn't been like that for quite some time. The corpse is sold
            off to mutual funds and pension plans
       
            andy99 wrote 6 hours 48 min ago:
            Does that seem like what’s happening here?
       
              techblueberry wrote 5 hours 19 min ago:
              If they’re on the path to AGI, there’s probably a predictable
              cost structure to get us to the point where these models are
              self-reinforcing and we get fast takeoff.  This is the dumbest
              they’ll ever be remember.
       
              linuxftw wrote 5 hours 38 min ago:
              Maybe?    They want to grow the company, and they've run out of VC
              and circular financing money.  Are they going to use the capital
              raised to make actual profits?    That's the question.
       
        nateburke wrote 8 hours 28 min ago:
        Cali could have called his bluff, he's not moving to Texas any time
        soon, and neither are his employees.
       
          terminalshort wrote 6 hours 57 min ago:
          In most cases I would say you are correct, but this would be an
          extremely rare exception.  OpenAI has about 7000 employees, and has
          raised a round at a $500B valuation with a realistic shot at a $1T
          valuation at IPO.  That's a range of $70-140M of equity value per
          employee.  So if employees hold 10% (and that's a low estimate) it's
          an average of $7-14M per employee.   So for the average employee
          leaving CA before IPO would be a $1 million benefit over paying CA
          cap gains taxes.
          
          Of course that isn't distributed remotely evenly and a lot of
          employees have not nearly enough to want to leave CA over taxes or
          just don't want to leave CA for other reasons.    But OpenAI could
          easily say "HQ is moving to Austin.  All employees must relocate and
          will be given $1M relocation bonuses." And the part left unsaid would
          be "Failure to comply means you lose 7 figures of options."  Take
          rate on that would be >95%.
       
        philip1209 wrote 8 hours 58 min ago:
        Interesting - this reminds me a lot of the story with Cisco: for
        decades they remained a California C-Corp while many other companies
        reincorporated in Delaware. I once heard a lawyer say “all my clients
        are Delaware C-Corps except Cisco, and their reason is political.”
        
        Eventually Cisco did indeed buckle in 2021 and reincorporate in
        Delaware . . .
       
        JumpCrisscross wrote 9 hours 2 min ago:
        Copy of the Memorandum of Understanding between California and OpenAI:
        
   URI  [1]: https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/attachments/press-docs/Final%2...
       
        khazhoux wrote 9 hours 49 min ago:
        I don’t understand the animus towards OAI going public.  ChatGPT
        undoubtedly changed the world.    The non->for profit status of the
        company is not impacting anyone.  It’s not like their success was
        made possible by being a non-profit.
        
        Suddenly everyone here is very very concerned with the classification
        of this corporate entity, and I detect people feel personally slighted.
         Why is that?
       
          array_key_first wrote 5 hours 46 min ago:
          >  The non->for profit status of the company is not impacting anyone.
          
          They're quite literally running away with millions in tax money they
          stole. That means from YOU.
          
          It's a sense of entitlement that pisses people off. Imagine you're a
          hardworking American who pays his taxes for the betterment of his
          country.
          
          And then here comes this Sam Altman douchebag, who thinks he's so
          important he doesn't have to pay taxes. He thinks you should foot the
          bill, because you're nobody, and he's Sam Altman.
          
          If you're not at least a little bit pissed at the precedent this is
          setting, I personally view that as pathetic.
       
            khazhoux wrote 5 hours 12 min ago:
            What taxes did they not pay?  Quick research suggests that they do
            pay taxes on revenue, and I can't find any articles that
            definitively show what taxes they avoided by having a non-profit
            arm.
       
          rottencupcakes wrote 9 hours 34 min ago:
          They founded OpenAI on the explicit premise that advanced AI poses
          existential risks to humanity, and that a non profit structure was
          essential to prioritize safety over profits. They reaped major
          benefits from this status, including tax exemptions, easier talent
          recruitment (by appealing to mission-driven researchers), and massive
          donations.
          
          Then, once GPT models exploded in value, making the for-profit arm
          worth tens of billions, they attempted to restructure toward a public
          company model to let investors and insiders cash out at scale, while
          claiming the non-profit board would still "control" the direction.
          This directly contradicts their original charter, which warned that
          profit motives could lead to unsafe AI racing.
          
          Now it is clear that we are nowhere near AGI, and hence they have to
          make money from making fake tiktok videos and smut. And they just
          want to cash out because the original premise won't deliver.
          Specifically it was very disingenuous and that is why people hate it.
       
            rvz wrote 3 hours 55 min ago:
            i.e: it was a complete grift.
       
          vessenes wrote 9 hours 35 min ago:
          They are chronically online and reading uninformed headlines by
          fellow youth.
          
          Combined with a feeling that they don't like this wave of GenAI, you
          get a lot of uninformed hate that's deeply felt, and probably
          reasonably felt. But also totally uninformed.
       
          lukebechtel wrote 9 hours 36 min ago:
          Because the development of this technology was originally done under
          a certain set of  promises ostensibly intended to prevent pure
          capitalist profitmaxxing.
          
          The workers and supporters who were taken by this idealistic vision,
          believe it was a bait-and-switch, and that the original promises were
          never intended to be kept.
       
            JumpCrisscross wrote 8 hours 37 min ago:
            > workers and supporters who were taken by this idealistic vision
            
            The only people who can claim harm are donors and workers who
            actually left, e.g. Murati. "Supporters" aren't stakeholders in any
            material sense.
       
              clhodapp wrote 4 hours 56 min ago:
              What about me, a random person?
              
              As stated in their foundational legal filings, the primary
              activity of OpenAI is supposed to be described as:
              OpenAI, Inc. ("OpenAI") is a nonprofit artificial intelligence
              ("AI") scientific research organization. Its goal is to engage in
              research activities that advance digital intelligence in the way
              that is most likely to benefit humanity as a whole, unconstrained
              by a need to generate financial return. AI technology will help
              shape the 21st century, and OpenAI wants to help the world build
              safe AI technology and ensure that AI's benefits are as widely
              and evenly distributed as possible. To that end, OpenAI hopes to
              build AI as part of a larger community, and wants to openly share
              its plans and capabilities along the way.
              
              As a member of humanity as a whole, they are supposed to be
              operating for my benefit, not primarily for the benefit of their
              investors. If they wanted to operate primarily for the benefit of
              their investors, they should have been paying taxes on every
              dollar they brought in.
       
                JumpCrisscross wrote 2 hours 31 min ago:
                > As a member of humanity as a whole, they are supposed to be
                operating for my benefit
                
                No. The common good refers to “what is shared and beneficial
                for all or most members of a given community” [1]. There is
                no individual claim to benefit.
                
                You can feel misled. Sort of like when a visionary promises
                something you want and then fails to deliver. But that
                doesn’t mean you were materially misled, which means you
                aren’t owed anything.
                
                > they should have been paying taxes on every dollar they
                brought in
                
                We don’t tax investment in America.
                
   URI          [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_good
       
                  clhodapp wrote 1 hour 31 min ago:
                  It's not that I think they owe me (or any one specific
                  individual) some specific material value, it's that I don't
                  believe they should be allowed to "take the money and run"
                  after amassing it under the guise of being a charity. Their
                  options should be to continue their mission or to donate
                  their assets to other charities that might be able to further
                  their original mission. Anything less is an affront to those
                  that donated, those that the charity was supposed to support
                  (which is everyone), and any customer that believed their
                  dollars were being spent on a product under the management of
                  a charity.
                  
                  While it's true that we don't tax investments, we do tax
                  gifts past a dollar value threshold, which is what donations
                  become when nonprofit status drops away.
       
                    JumpCrisscross wrote 1 hour 9 min ago:
                    I agree that the whole thing seems shady. But I'm
                    struggling to identify anyone who was hurt. Vague notions
                    of "everyone" doesn't really pass muster--if we can turn
                    that into trillion dollar companies, we should do that!
       
                      clhodapp wrote 50 min ago:
                      It's not that I want to see someone made whole for some
                      hurt.
                      
                      What I want to see is for government to do its job and
                      stamp a big "DENIED" on OpenAI's request to reorganize.
                      
                      The response should be "Sorry if you feel like you
                      screwed up your corporate structure, but your money
                      really is locked in this non-profit and you can't just
                      take it out".
                      
                      Edit: Put a different way: Your point seems to be that
                      there is no civil law damage so nothing can be done. My
                      point is that this isn't a civil law matter, it's a
                      corporate law matter: it's not about damages, it's about
                      the social contract we hold corporations to in exchange
                      for allowing them to exist.
       
                        JumpCrisscross wrote 20 min ago:
                        > What I want to see is for government to do its job
                        and stamp a big "DENIED" on OpenAI's request to
                        reorganize
                        
                        To what end? How thrilled would we be if an adversary
                        nation did this to its golden goose?
                        
                        > it's about the social contract we hold corporations
                        to in exchange for allowing them to exist
                        
                        Their job is to create wealth. For the time being,
                        OpenAI is creating wealth to the tune of the GDP of the
                        Phillipines or Norway [1]. If it's puffery, pursue it
                        afterwards. If if not...we gained the annual production
                        of a Nordic petrostate. When it goes public, we'll earn
                        tax revenues equal to the entire economy of a small EU
                        member.
                        
                        Wealth doesn't make right. But I'm failing to see an
                        incurable harm here that outweighs the upside.
                        
   URI                  [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countrie...
       
              lukebechtel wrote 7 hours 53 min ago:
              choosing whether to use, or advocate for, a company's services is
              a form of support
       
                JumpCrisscross wrote 5 hours 2 min ago:
                > choosing whether to use, or advocate for, a company's
                services is a form of support
                
                Sure. But if the services are rendered, the ideology is
                orthogonal. For the slim minority of uncompromising zealots for
                whom it is not, damages can be quantified and paid.
       
                  lukebechtel wrote 2 hours 26 min ago:
                  are you asserting this is the way things should work, or how
                  they do work, or both?
       
                    JumpCrisscross wrote 1 hour 25 min ago:
                    > are you asserting this is the way things should work, or
                    how they do work, or both?
                    
                    How it does and, to a limited degree, how it should.
                    
                    If you donate to or volunteer for a non-profit, you have
                    non-pecuniary interest in how they are run.
                    
                    If you're sold a product that's promised to be made in a
                    certain way, you do too. If you paid for--much less used
                    without paying--a service because you thought it was
                    ethical per some definition, but aren't similarly bound in
                    other purchases in your life, or otherwise can't show this
                    is a value you consistently follow (and so, in being denied
                    it here, have been damaged), I'm not sure any functional
                    economy can work where anyone has a free option to take
                    back a purchase--or much less, non-monetary use--at any
                    time in the future because they feel--but can't materially
                    demonstrate--betrayal.
                    
                    Like, maybe if Stallman used ChatGPT he could credibly
                    claim he wouldn't have used it if it hadn't marketed its
                    claims around goodness. But I'm deeply sceptical a rando
                    has the same standing.
       
            khazhoux wrote 9 hours 18 min ago:
            > The workers and supporters who were taken by this idealistic
            vision
            
            I haven’t heard from any of the workers.  Why are people
            white-knighting for them?  My hot take is that they don’t mind
            being able to afford a house (or more) for their efforts. 
            Where’s the outraged employees in this conversation?
            
            As for “supporters,” what does that mean?  People who watch
            from the sidelines and never actually contributed don’t usually
            get a say.
       
              Jensson wrote 8 hours 35 min ago:
              Donors get a say, did donors get any stock? Its very ugly when
              you built your for profit by stealing donations from a
              non-profit, people can condemn that even if they themselves
              didn't personally lose money similarly to how we can condemn
              companies abusing people even if we didn't work there.
       
                khazhoux wrote 7 hours 21 min ago:
                Did OpenAI take donations?  I’m assuming that the
                “donors” Thiel, Musk, etc, did receive stock.  Massive
                lawsuit otherwise.
                
                But did regular folks donate?  Otherwise it seems people are
                outraged that their hypothetical donations were misused.
       
        eagleinparadise wrote 9 hours 55 min ago:
        CA needs the UHNW taxpayers lol
       
          brcmthrowaway wrote 3 hours 31 min ago:
          Is there a way not to pay tax?
       
        jcmontx wrote 10 hours 2 min ago:
        If this happened any non-western country headlines would say
        "corruption".
       
          chii wrote 2 hours 3 min ago:
          It's only corrupt if it's our "enemies" who does it!
       
          mslate wrote 5 hours 12 min ago:
          In California, it's called an "impact fee"
       
        hodder wrote 11 hours 15 min ago:
        Can someone explain to me why California would believe Sam Altman plans
        to stay in California? This is a weak handshake agreement that could
        easily be flipped post IPO. The very flip from non-profit to IPO shows
        he will do what it takes for OpenAI to "succeed", so why would the
        geographical location be any more permanent than corporate structure.
        This isnt a diss to Sam either, it just shows he is motivated by
        whatever is best for the entity at any given time.
        
        They might stay in California, but that probably has far more to do
        with available researchers and employee preferences than some agreement
        with the Attorney General.
       
          dragonwriter wrote 21 min ago:
          > Can someone explain to me why California would believe Sam Altman
          plans to stay in California? This is a weak handshake agreement that
          could easily be flipped post IPO.
          
          It is not a “handshake agreement”, but binding written agreement
          with terms constraining the governance of the restructure OpenAI
          entities. [1] Executed MOU Between OpenAI and California AG re Notice
          of Conditions of Non-Objection %2810.27.2025%29 %28Signed by
          OpenAI%29 %28Signed by CA DOJ%29.pdf
          
   URI    [1]: https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/attachments/press-docs/Final
       
          tw04 wrote 6 hours 0 min ago:
          I’m pretty sure Sam is motivated by whatever is best for Sam, not
          OpenAI.
       
          terminalshort wrote 8 hours 2 min ago:
          Can someone explain to me how staying in CA has anything whatsoever
          to do with whether or not they IPO?  Because it seems like it should
          have absolutely nothing to do with it. (Linked article is a paywall,
          so I can't read it.)
       
            Hansenq wrote 2 hours 16 min ago:
            OpenAI needs to IPO because they want to access the public capital
            markets to fund their AI investments, more deep-pocketed investors
            are wary of investing in a LLC, and for liquidity, etc.
            
            OpenAI needs to convert to a C-corp in order to IPO.
            
            OpenAI needs the CA Attorney General's approval to convert a LLC
            into a C-Corp because the LLCs is headquartered in CA and
            incorporated with many CA laws.
            
            So the article is making the point that OpenAI likely got the CA
            Attorney General's approval for the conversion because they
            promised to stay in CA (whether or not that's actually true).
            
            (or support journalism and pay to read the article)
       
          JumpCrisscross wrote 10 hours 20 min ago:
          > Can someone explain to me why California would believe Sam Altman
          plans to stay in California?
          
          The simple answer is unless developing LLMs becomes commoditised, the
          best place in the world to do it is in San Francisco. You don't take
          your manufacturing business out of Shenzhen without very good reason.
       
            terminalshort wrote 7 hours 50 min ago:
            Seems a little easier than that, though, because there are no
            supply chains involved (other than for the data centers, but those
            are already not in SF).  Why else would the CA government be
            worried?
       
              standardUser wrote 6 hours 56 min ago:
              There's books written about the Bay Area and the factors that
              make (or made) it uniquely suited for developing new
              technologies. There's even college courses about it. Some of it's
              surely provincial fluff, but it's undeniable that California has
              been an essential incubator for a whole series of world-changing,
              fortune-making technologies.
       
                terminalshort wrote 6 hours 34 min ago:
                I don't want to downplay the network effects here, but it's in
                CA entirely by coincidence.  SV is in CA because William
                Shockley's family is there, which is why he founded Shockley
                Semiconductor there.  It could have been somewhere else.  The
                2nd largest tech hub is in Seattle.  It's there because that's
                were Bill Gates is from.  Is SF the best place to start a
                startup if you want in office talent in 2025.  100% yes, but
                that has nothing to do with the Bay Area and everything to do
                with accidents of history.
       
                  Hansenq wrote 2 hours 21 min ago:
                  Not entirely by coincidence. Yes Shockley was from CA, but as
                  late as the 1980, two places were competing to be the center:
                  Boston's Route 128 ("America's Technology Highway") or
                  Silicon Valley.
                  
                  Silicon Valley won out because the CA constitution explicitly
                  prohibits non-competes (which MA allows), leading to more
                  rapid innovation. Very likely the infamous Traitorous Eight
                  who left Shockley Semiconductor to found Fairchild could not
                  have done that if noncompetes could be enforced.
       
                  JumpCrisscross wrote 2 hours 25 min ago:
                  > that has nothing to do with the Bay Area and everything to
                  do with accidents of history
                  
                  I think you’re wrong. But that’s irrelevant. The fact
                  that it exists now is what gives it staying power. One of the
                  surest bets I’ve seen in seed and Series A investing is
                  when a market has one or two competitors in a cluster and the
                  rest outside. The insiders win. Always. It’s the easiest
                  bulldozing strategy that exists.
       
                    csomar wrote 40 min ago:
                    > I think you’re wrong. But that’s irrelevant.
                    
                    It's on you to prove the parent wrong and you provided
                    nothing to explain why the Bay Area is special beyond
                    history/staying power.
       
                  shuckles wrote 3 hours 14 min ago:
                  Shockley Semi was founded 16 years after Hewlett Packard, so
                  you have to keep reaching backwards.
       
                  CPLX wrote 6 hours 10 min ago:
                  It goes back way way further than that. The special mix of
                  government funded technology, ruthless entrepreneurship, and
                  social engineering predates Shockley by almost 100 years.
                  
                  Start by figuring out who Leland Stanford is and how he got
                  rich. Read the book ‘Palo Alto’ if you’re looking for a
                  good starting point.
       
                    vlovich123 wrote 3 hours 43 min ago:
                    Yeah it’s quite bold to suggest that Shockley would have
                    done the same thing outside the environment of the Bay Area
                    rather than that someone other than Shockley would have
                    done what he did in California if he wasn’t there or that
                    even if he did it outside California that people inside
                    California still industrialize it. It’s a very
                    individualistic view of progress which is uniquely American
                    and unlikely to capture how stuff happens given that
                    multiple discoveries often happen simultaneously by people
                    working on the problem (eg calculus and Newton vs Leibniz).
                    
                    The truth is the Bay Area has structural reasons why SV
                    happened and why the same thing has failed to replicate to
                    any significant degree outside the Bay Area.
       
            BobaFloutist wrote 9 hours 44 min ago:
            That still doesn't explain the value of Sam Altman's pinky promise.
       
              JumpCrisscross wrote 8 hours 51 min ago:
              > doesn't explain the value of Sam Altman's pinky promise
              
              The MOU [1] requires OpenAI "provide at least 21 days’ prior
              written notice to the Attorney General before consenting to: (a)
              a change of control of the PBC; (b) any change to the PBC mission
              as set out in the PBC Delaware charter; (c) any amendment to the
              PBC Delaware charter that would remove the NFP’s sole right, as
              holder of the Class N shares, to appoint PBC directors or
              otherwise reduces in any material respect the rights of the Class
              N shares; or (d) the relocation of the headquarters of the NFP or
              PBC outside of California" [1].
              
              The meat appears to be in the agreements by OpenAI to not change
              its ownership and control structure. California's real leverage
              would be in re-opening this dispute, though ¶ 22 seems to water
              down that power somewhat. (Maybe go after the donors?) [1]  ¶ 19
              
   URI        [1]: https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/attachments/press-docs/F...
       
            wubrr wrote 9 hours 55 min ago:
            The location you're physically sitting in doesn't really matter.
            Saying 'san francisco cause san francisco' is also kinda boring and
            meaningless.
       
              JumpCrisscross wrote 9 hours 16 min ago:
              > location you're physically sitting in doesn't really matter
              
              Of course it does.
              
              The benefits of proximity to business clusters [1] is well
              researched [2]. There is no evidence remote work has dampened
              that tendency; if anything, as evidenced by AI, the effect seems
              to have increased. [1]
              
   URI        [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_cluster#Cluster_e...
   URI        [2]: https://www.isc.hbs.edu/competitiveness-economic-develop...
       
                wubrr wrote 8 hours 30 min ago:
                You're linking to pre-covid studies, that mention some types of
                benefits (for specific reasons like logistics benefits for
                businesses relying on physical materials/goos, or physical
                access to people for the purposes of networking), for some
                kinds of industries, and also mention that these benefits are
                not seen for some industries.
                
                > Sometimes cluster strategies still do not produce enough of a
                positive impact to be justified in certain industries.
                
                Let's take a step back and look at the fundamentals of a tech
                company who's employees are remote - what are the specific
                benefits of having a San Francisco office?
       
                  JumpCrisscross wrote 8 hours 22 min ago:
                  > linking to pre-covid studies
                  
                  I'm linking to studies summarising a century of work. There
                  is no evidence Covid changed this.
                  
                  Exhibit A for Covid having not changed this is the continuing
                  supremacy of Silicon Valley (tech), Shenzhen (manufacturing)
                  and New York (finance) as industrial clusters that others
                  have tried to replicate (everyone, America and Miami,
                  respectively) and failed.
                  
                  > Let's take a step back and look at the fundamentals of a
                  tech company who's employees are remote - what are the
                  specific benefits of having a San Francisco office?
                  
                  Proximity to investors. Proximity to customers. Proximity to
                  a skilled employee pool. Proxomity to acquirers. (A lot of
                  deals happen at cocktail parties and ski trips.)
                  
                  By the way, I'm not arguing anyone needs an office. Just
                  people physically and and proximate to the cluster.
       
                    wubrr wrote 6 hours 49 min ago:
                    > Exhibit A for Covid having not changed this is the
                    continuing supremacy of Silicon Valley (tech)
                    
                    You mean like when China built chatgpt 4 in a weekend and
                    open-sourced it for giggles?
                    
                    > Shenzhen (manufacturing)
                    
                    ..or you mean how US manufacturing 'clusters' almost
                    completely disappeared/replaced by Chinese ones?
                    
                    > Proximity to investors. Proximity to customers. Proximity
                    to a skilled employee pool. Proxomity to acquirers.
                    
                    Right, cause you have to physically pet every investor on
                    the head to fundraise,     your remote employees must be in
                    san fran cause network latency interferes with their
                    windows remote desktop workflow, and, for some reason, you
                    have to be physically close to your customers when you're
                    selling your web-only llm wrapper saas.
       
                      SR2Z wrote 3 hours 14 min ago:
                      > You mean like when China built chatgpt 4 in a weekend
                      and open-sourced it for giggles?
                      
                      DeepSeek R1 is an amazing feat.  It's not at the same
                      level as other large frontier models from American
                      companies, just close enough to make them sweat.
                      
                      > ..or you mean how US manufacturing 'clusters' almost
                      completely disappeared/replaced by Chinese ones?
                      
                      The value of goods manufactured in the US has never been
                      higher.  US manufacturing focuses on goods at the top of
                      the value chain: jetliners, cars, semiconductors, medical
                      scanners, and other advanced electronics.  These tend to
                      cluster in a few places - for example, Long Beach is a
                      hub of space and avionics manufacturing, Texas has the
                      "Silicon Prarie," and Boeing in Everett is one of the
                      major employers in the region.    Manufacturing has
                      disappeared as a share of GDP, but that's not because we
                      make less stuff.
                      
                      > Right, cause you have to physically pet every investor
                      on the head to fundraise, your remote employees must be
                      in san fran cause network latency interferes with their
                      windows remote desktop workflow, and, for some reason,
                      you have to be physically close to your customers when
                      you're selling your web-only llm wrapper saas.
                      
                      You sound sarcastic, but YES.  You do generally have to
                      physically be present to make deals.  It is obviously
                      theoretically possible to run a world-leading software
                      company fully remote.  Despite that, most of them are
                      in-person at least a few days a week.  If you want to
                      take advantage of SV's easy VC money, you absolutely have
                      to be present.
                      
                      Companies are not purely about the numbers.  A lot of
                      business is imprecise and heavily dependent on things
                      like just plain LIKING the people you're in bed with, and
                      unfortunately there is no substitute for being in the
                      same room as someone to make a decision like that.
       
                        com2kid wrote 25 min ago:
                        > Manufacturing has disappeared as a share of GDP, but
                        that's not because we make less stuff.
                        
                        We assemble. The actual parts are largely made
                        overseas.
                        
                        Because location matters, assemblers in China are able
                        to do better work at a much lower price, see every
                        Chinese EV company, or Chinese drone companies.
                        
                        Heck in China you can buy a competent Chinese EV
                        motorscooter for less than a kids bicycle in America.
       
                      uvaursi wrote 5 hours 14 min ago:
                      > You mean like when China built chatgpt 4 in a weekend
                      and open-sourced it for giggles?
                      
                      Link?
       
              vessenes wrote 9 hours 48 min ago:
              This is the opposite of true. It's actively wrong. Location is
              almost everything; people move to financial and tech centers for
              a reason -- it matters where you are and who you know.
       
                wubrr wrote 8 hours 39 min ago:
                nah
                
                also, where you are and who you know are very different things
       
                  JumpCrisscross wrote 8 hours 19 min ago:
                  > where you are and who you know are very different things
                  
                  Different but related. Getting a purposeful introduction
                  involves a lot more friction than being invited to someone's
                  home for dinner with their colleagues and contacts.
       
            yellow_postit wrote 10 hours 8 min ago:
            The Texas Stock Exchange launches next year and I predict we will
            see a lot of tech try to move to launch there given txse claim to
            have lower compliance and less esg needs.
       
              JumpCrisscross wrote 9 hours 4 min ago:
              > Texas Stock Exchange launches next year
              
              The TXSE was launched by an energy magnate [1] and "is financed
              by institutional investors including Charles Schwab, Fortress,
              BlackRock, and Citadel Securities" [2]. It's a direct response to
              the NASDAQ and NYSE putting their feet down on carbon emissions.
              
              Nothing about its structure requires a company be incorporated in
              Texas much less based there [3]--those restrictions would go
              against the reason it was founded. [1] [2]
              
   URI        [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelcy_Warren
   URI        [2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_Stock_Exchange
   URI        [3]: https://www.hunton.com/insights/legal/a-comparative-anal...
       
              nradov wrote 9 hours 27 min ago:
              I doubt it. The state where a company is incorporated or has its
              headquarters located doesn't impact where it can list shares.
              There are several foreign companies with no significant US
              operations which are listed on US stock markets just to gain
              access to capital.
       
                kasey_junk wrote 9 hours 20 min ago:
                Not to mention that the actual trading will happen in New
                Jersey
       
              everfrustrated wrote 9 hours 36 min ago:
              I learned recently that Nasdaq imposes DEI on companies as a
              requirement of listing.
       
                kasey_junk wrote 9 hours 21 min ago:
                The 5th circuit struck those rules down last year.
       
              afavour wrote 9 hours 47 min ago:
              It’s frauds all the way down
       
                vessenes wrote 9 hours 42 min ago:
                downvoted -- this is a low quality comment, and worse, it's
                uninformed. Texas may be lower reg than NASDAQ at launch, and
                it may compete for business that way, and consumers may or may
                not like this and may or may not benefit from it.
                
                However, post Sarbox US is vastly more regulated than the
                markets that "built" Silicon Valley, and there are many costs
                to corporations, founders and employees of that heavier
                regulation -- including a radically less friendly public
                capital market for companies worth hundreds of millions of
                dollars.
       
            booi wrote 10 hours 17 min ago:
            except developing AI is very much a knowledge exercise with very
            little dependency on location.
            
            You don't move your manufacturing business out of Shenzhen because
            the entire hard supply chain from mining, refining, manufacturing,
            test, ship and trade are all there. You can't move a refinery that
            easily much less the entire supply chain.
       
              brokencode wrote 10 hours 9 min ago:
              Sure, but most of the country’s AI talent is concentrated
              there. Not to mention venture capital.
              
              What’s the advantage of moving? Maybe lower taxes and a cheaper
              rent.
              
              That seems like a small price to pay compared to the hundreds of
              billions they’re putting into data centers.
       
                alfalfasprout wrote 10 hours 6 min ago:
                They're concentrated there because they've been asked to
                concentrate there. That can change on a dime.
                
                It's not like data centers are mainly in SF.
       
                  hamdingers wrote 8 hours 24 min ago:
                  You've got it backwards.
                  
                  Well paid engineers congregate in California because it's a
                  nice place to live if you can afford it.
                  
                  Therefore if you want to hire the best engineers, and want an
                  in-office work culture, you need to go to California.
       
                    terminalshort wrote 7 hours 47 min ago:
                    Well paid engineers congregate in CA because that's where
                    the companies that hire well paid engineers congregate, and
                    they (mostly) want those well paid engineers to come to the
                    office every couple of days.  I don't know how you could
                    get the causality so completely backwards on this.
       
                  shuckles wrote 9 hours 25 min ago:
                  > That can change on a dime.
                  
                  People tried very hard to change it between 2020-2023 and
                  utterly failed.
       
                    bchasknga wrote 6 hours 5 min ago:
                    Cries in the number of "next Silicon Valley" in the last 30
                    years.
       
                  vessenes wrote 9 hours 45 min ago:
                  I think you're wrong. The concentration is for a host of
                  reasons. Witness the large number of cities and countries
                  that have tried to create a local Silicon Valley competitor
                  unsuccessfully over the last 25 years.
                  
                  The data centers I think prove this point, and disprove yours
                  -- huge spend has gone into data centers, but places like
                  Wenatchee remain stubbornly not Silicon Valley.
                  
                  Intel has not made Portland into SV. Austin, while a tech hub
                  and one of the US supply chain centers for hardware, is
                  multiple orders of magnitude less productive than SV for tech
                  startups. Productive as in numbers of unicorns, total value
                  creation, however you want to spin it.
       
          make3 wrote 10 hours 31 min ago:
          In the US, one has to remember that megacorps usually end up winning,
          as people mostly only care about money and blindly supporting
          corporations is seen as pro-economy. There are also no limits on
          political financial contributions, and people have really short
          attention spans.
          
          Politicians taking the superficial short-term win, as they will end
          up giving in to the megacorp anyway, is not surprising to me.
       
            philipallstar wrote 10 hours 3 min ago:
            > and blindly supporting corporations is seen as pro-economy
            
            These clumsy stereotypes are so pointless.
       
              afavour wrote 9 hours 46 min ago:
              It’s a broad statement but I wouldn’t say it’s an incorrect
              one.
       
          harmmonica wrote 10 hours 34 min ago:
          If they're still based in CA when they IPO at least those initial
          taxes will be collectible in state (assuming they're structured in a
          way where the IPO is a taxable event for the leadership and staff).
          Pretty sure the taxes collected from OpenAI will be the single
          biggest IPO tax windfall ever (correct me if I'm wrong, but I can't
          think of a bigger one).
       
            dragonwriter wrote 10 min ago:
            stocks sold by the company in an IPO aren’t taxable income.
            Pre-IPO stocks that people liquidate because there is now a liquid
            market and they want to realize some gains will generate some, but
            I don’t know how you’d predict the magnitude of that.
       
            mmooss wrote 56 min ago:
            What are the taxes on an IPO?
            
            It's capital gains, which aren't taxed until the capital (IPO
            stock) is liquidated. I'm sure some people will liquidate their
            stock promptly but I expect that most will hold it, expecting
            further growth, and that the big investors, including Altman, will
            hold onto it for because of the same reason, because they need to
            sell optimism (what would people think if Altman or Microsoft sold
            a significant chunk of stock?), and because OpenAI needs lots of
            assets to build datacenters and buy power.
       
            cosmicgadget wrote 10 hours 31 min ago:
            We're finally going to get that bullet train.
       
              int_19h wrote 7 hours 8 min ago:
              Yeah, but it'll be run by ChatGPT. ~
       
              harmmonica wrote 10 hours 20 min ago:
              Oh man know I know I shouldn’t say it but that’s a genius
              reply! Thanks for the (depressing) laugh.
       
              s3r3nity wrote 10 hours 27 min ago:
              lol if you think $ was the barrier there, I have a few bridges to
              sell you too…
       
          Hansenq wrote 10 hours 38 min ago:
          In any negotiation, you need to understand what leverage either side
          has. In this case, CA could block the conversion, and OpenAI could
          leave California. Both are possible but extremely unlikely outcomes!
          So the whole point is to take these unlikely outcomes to the table,
          negotiate in good faith, and come out with an agreement.
          
          So California needs to believe that OpenAI will stay in California
          just as much as OpenAI needs to believe that CA won't block the
          conversion (or impose other onerous regulations around AI). So yes,
          it's possible to speculate about whether or not people are sincere in
          their motivations, but when you need to make a deal, there needs to
          be a measure of good faith and trust on both sides in order to make
          something happen.
          
          And in this case, both sides are incentivized to make the deal.
          OpenAI wants to be a PBC in order to access more capital, and
          California wants OpenAI to be a PBC so that it can IPO so that all
          employees (all of whom are likely CA residents), will sell stock,
          which can then be taxed as CA income.
       
            johnrob wrote 9 hours 3 min ago:
            If I am understanding things correctly, OpenAI could leave in the
            future - but CA can’t retroactively block the conversion in that
            case.
       
              overfeed wrote 2 hours 39 min ago:
              California is home to 1 in 8 Americans, and likely a much higher
              fraction of AI researchers, users and partner organizations to
              OpenAI (like Nvidia). The California AG has plenty of leverage
              beyond blocking/reversing the conversion. What leverage will
              OpenAI have after "leaving"[1] the California?
              
              1. They're guaranteed to have an engineering office in the SF
              Bay. Not many of those folk will agree to relocate to
              Texas/Miami.
       
              groby_b wrote 8 hours 53 min ago:
              Yup, but the IPO will still have happened in CA, and there's
              going to be a tax windfall from that.
              
              It's about a moment in time, not an "in perpetuity" agreement.
       
                giancarlostoro wrote 7 hours 21 min ago:
                Unless you're Universal and Marvel, leaving Disney unable to
                buy out Universal's contract with Marvel, and unable to use
                classic comic book characters because the parks too close to
                Universals. Still cracks me up.
       
                cma wrote 8 hours 46 min ago:
                Not if the big holders aren't residents, they can move away
                just before like Rogan with his Spotify deal, or Jonathan Blow
                just before a game release after developing in California and
                going to public college there, etc.
                
                Since it's a non-profit still holding it any gains to the
                non-profit entity upon the conversion don't go to California,
                and principal stakeholders can move away.  Other funds raised
                from the IPO can be invested in other states untaxed (long term
                datacenter leases instead of booking the capital of building
                one) until they move the company away I think.
                
                There will probably be a lot of smaller stakeholders that stay
                with a lot of money for the state, and California at least
                doesn't do the $15 million QSBS so they may get a lot from that
                tail of employees.  A large portion of this tail of lower
                compensated employees may get laid off due to AI replacement
                before IPO and lose a lot of unvested years, if we are to
                believe OpenAI's own claims about timelines for job replacement
                in that field at lower levels.
       
                  tedd4u wrote 8 hours 1 min ago:
                  I'd recommend anyone expecting to profit from OpenAI stock
                  and aiming to avoid California taxes to look into the subject
                  in depth with paid advisors. The California FTB is not stupid
                  or naïve and has a history of successfully getting paid for
                  stock that vested with a California nexus, even if the
                  beneficiary moves out of state. Good luck!
       
                    mlmonkey wrote 6 hours 46 min ago:
                    Take a look at Shohei Ohtani's contract.
       
                    cma wrote 7 hours 16 min ago:
                    You're right, it's harder with vesting stock compensation
                    than other things you build up over time like an audience
                    or a developing a game over a long span.
       
          throwaway294729 wrote 10 hours 43 min ago:
          > This isnt a diss to Sam either, it just shows he is motivated by
          whatever is best for the entity at any given time.
          
          This is the kind of weird rationalist (?) thing that people say a lot
          these days to justify bad behaviors: in this case Sam Altman behaves
          like a pathological liar.
       
          gyomu wrote 11 hours 0 min ago:
          Perhaps it’s not so much that they believe he’ll stay in
          California long term if he gets what he wants; more that they do
          believe he’ll leave in the short term if he doesn’t.
       
        brcmthrowaway wrote 11 hours 45 min ago:
        Is it possible for a poor fool retail investor to invest in OAI
       
          bazmattaz wrote 9 hours 3 min ago:
          From what i understand, and I’m no expert, is that all the smart
          money Is able to get in on an IPO early on way before retail
          investors have a chance. By the time the retail investors have a
          chance it’s too late and usually the stock dips post IPO as the
          early investors sell.
          
          Of course the stock can rise again eventually.
       
          astrange wrote 10 hours 47 min ago:
          Just buy $QQQ.
          
          The correct time to invest in individual companies is never.
       
            brcmthrowaway wrote 8 hours 25 min ago:
            How much?
       
              astrange wrote 8 hours 22 min ago:
               [1]
              
   URI        [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelly_criterion
   URI        [2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-modern_portfolio_theo...
       
                starchild3001 wrote 3 hours 22 min ago:
                I recently downloaded about 10 years of monthly price returns
                for QQQ, TQQQ, NVDA, GBTC, and a few others. Then I asked
                ChatGPT and Gemini (separately) to find the portfolio that
                maximizes an adjusted CAGR — roughly, mean return minus ½ ×
                standard deviation².
                
                Result: 70% NVDA, 30% GBTC (Bitcoin), and 0% QQQ or TQQQ.
                Honestly, not a bad mix — especially for a small, high-risk
                slice of your portfolio.
                
                Next, I compared TQQQ (Triple Qs) vs. QQQ using the same
                10-year monthly data. The optimizer picked 100% TQQQ, which
                again makes sense if you’re doing this in a tax-advantaged
                account like a 401(k) or IRA and only with money you’re
                willing to take some risk on.
                
                Then I expanded the dataset — 55 years of returns across
                major asset classes (S&P 500, gold, short- and long-term
                Treasuries, corporate bonds, real estate, etc.) — and asked
                for the optimal portfolio.
                The winner: ~85% S&P 500, 15% gold, though 75/25 gives nearly
                the same return with a better Sharpe ratio.
                
                A few quick takeaways:
                
                Gold → GLDM ETF is the best vehicle.
                
                QQQ → QQQM or TQQQ are the best versions.
                
                And if you’re feeling adventurous: 70% NVDA, 30% IBIT
                (Bitcoin) isn’t crazy.
                
                For what it’s worth, I’ve been running 75% stocks / 25%
                gold for a while now, but I’m thinking of carving out ~10% of
                the stock portion for a more aggressive tilt: TQQQ (6%), NVDA
                (2%), IBIT (1%) — because why not?
       
                  astrange wrote 2 hours 12 min ago:
                  Are those pre or post tax returns? Gold is taxed as a
                  collectible which is pretty bad.
                  
                  Thinking about it, my recommendation is read: [1] and then
                  after maxing your 401k, open a Betterment account, and then
                  max your HSA if applicable. The tax savings easily best
                  custom portfolio picking.
                  
   URI            [1]: https://www.reddit.com/r/personalfinance/wiki/index/
       
          hshdhdhehd wrote 11 hours 34 min ago:
          The bag is being designed, cut and stitched, with retail investor
          shaped handles.
       
        Sparkyte wrote 12 hours 34 min ago:
        Staying in California doesn't mean it will keep employees in
        California. Prepare for the great offshoring.
       
        jacquesm wrote 12 hours 50 min ago:
        Prediction for the future: OpenAI IPO's lots of money changes hands, it
        chugs along for a while, hits a hard spot and then is taken private for
        pennies on the dollar by Microsoft.
       
          bwfan123 wrote 8 hours 41 min ago:
          my prediction is that the ai-bubble pops no later than when openai
          files for its ipo. openai has an incentive to keep its finances
          outside of the prying eyes of the public shareholders. This way their
          mystique is kept in tact, and nobody can question their capex and
          datacenter investment claims. But, it is becoming difficult since
          msft now reports on their openai holdings.
       
          vessenes wrote 9 hours 31 min ago:
          Jacques, I've been reading and enjoying your posts here for at least
          15 years. (Thank you for your service.)
          
          But I think you're totally incorrect on this; oAI is going to be one
          of the enduring tech consumer brands built in this half of the 21st
          century.
       
            jacquesm wrote 5 hours 42 min ago:
            Time will tell. I've been wrong before. Note that I'm not saying
            that OpenAI will disappear, just that it will end up as a wholly
            owned subsidiary of Microsoft.
       
            bazmattaz wrote 8 hours 56 min ago:
            Why do you say so? They’re burning cash and don’t currently
            have a viable path to profitability. Sure they have millions of MAU
            but not many paying ones.
       
              vessenes wrote 58 min ago:
              I’ve written about it at some length here, but tldr: their ops
              are super profitable, likely 1bn per month net income right now.
              Their R&D costs are immense. You need to believe a story in which
              their R&D is a waste and other Competitor’s R&D is not or
              alternately all R&D in the space is a waste and they somehow are
              unable to use their capital advantage to maintain their
              substantial brand lead before you believe they are doomed.
       
              laluser wrote 8 hours 14 min ago:
              Look at all the companies that have 'burned cash' with no viable
              path to profitability over the last 20 years. The good ones
              outlive that criticism, easily. Think Uber, etc. They clearly see
              a path to profitability and they have plenty of room to
              experiment here with what works. With new partnerships and
              dependencies, they won't run out of cash for a long time.
       
                array_key_first wrote 5 hours 43 min ago:
                I would not be convinced they outlive the criticism.
                
                I think it's highly likely in the next 10 years companies like
                Spotify and Uber will no longer exist. They're fundamentally
                antogonistic to their capital.
       
                  bazmattaz wrote 37 min ago:
                  Spotify is a profitable business now though right? Sure it
                  doesn’t make huge profits due to paying out about 70% to
                  larks but it’s finally profitable
       
                nmfisher wrote 7 hours 33 min ago:
                I don’t know the exact numbers, but I feel like OpenAI raised
                far more money than those companies, burned through it far
                quicker and has much more competition with a much shakier value
                proposition.
                
                They definitely have a strong consumer brand so it’s not like
                they’re going to disappear, but I understand the bear case.
       
                  laluser wrote 7 hours 6 min ago:
                  Sam A is pretty well connected and knows the game well. No
                  doubt there will be some risks where the whole thing goes
                  right down to zero, but I personally wouldn't bet against
                  them.
       
                    nmfisher wrote 4 hours 3 min ago:
                    I'm sure Sam A will be fine, an IPO will probably see him
                    ride off into the sunset with billions.
                    
                    The average public investor buying pre-IPO shares, though,
                    is a different story.
       
                    int_19h wrote 6 hours 50 min ago:
                    I wouldn't bet against Sam Altman personally, but that's
                    very different from betting on OpenAI.
       
          empath75 wrote 11 hours 35 min ago:
          Open AI will probably have the highest market cap of any company in
          the world on the opening day of trading.
       
            sipjca wrote 10 hours 52 min ago:
            that would be certifiably insane
       
          DenisM wrote 12 hours 45 min ago:
          Could you elaborate? Not looking  for a proof, just want to
          understand your train of thought. Always liked your commentary.
          Thanks!
       
            dmbche wrote 9 hours 31 min ago:
            Spitballing
            
            There is no clear path to the trillion dollars today. By IPOing,
            the owners (who have a good idea of where it's going) can exchange
            their ticket to the trillion for cash today.
            
            Seems like a bad deal unless you know the ticket won't get called.
            Then you've just made bank.
            
            And you might have noticed some form of hype around AI these last
            few years - arguably this could be to make the trillion dollar seem
            more realistic and therefore making the owners more money when
            selling their ticket to it.
       
            hshdhdhehd wrote 11 hours 23 min ago:
            Probably predicting either pop of AI bubble like dotcom in 1999 or
            the OpenAI emperor has no clothes and the marker sees its shrunk
            hunk.
       
        fourseventy wrote 13 hours 9 min ago:
        How can a non-profit IPO? I know that technically OpenAI is a
        for-profit company that is owned by a non-profit, but I still don't get
        it.
       
          vessenes wrote 9 hours 37 min ago:
          There's so, so much misinformation about this out there.
          
          For example - every US nonprofit starts as a plain old vanilla C
          corporation, and then applies for 501(c)3 status which the IRS may or
          may not grant. It's a privilege to be a nonprofit.
          
          The punishment that may be levied on a nonprofit is ... loss of that
          status and a return to a commercial corporation. That loss of status
          might have knock-on impacts on things like, say, tax deductions
          offered to donors, and I guess possibly on corporate income tax to
          the extent a company's accounting shows a profit. But it's not a
          thing you're "locked into" somehow and trying to escape. Quite the
          opposite; it's a thing the Federal government chooses to support
          financially as a matter of public policy.
          
          oAI had a lot of work to do to get recapitalized like it did, but it
          was not the non-profit status that was the (major) problem. It was
          (at the least) the investment covenants made with the Microsofts of
          the world that bound them; the MS deal was the big thing here.
       
            LudwigNagasena wrote 7 hours 58 min ago:
            A corporation is locked into its nonprofit status due to its
            articles of incorporation and state law regardless of its federal
            tax-exempt status.
       
              vessenes wrote 41 min ago:
              I think it’s generally more accurate to say that charitable
              assets are likely either locked to charitable purposes or need a
              fair valuation in case of disposal or wind down. I don’t know
              all the details here, but I would guess it’s enough of a mess
              between the parent and the for profit sub that some negotiation
              was inevitable.
       
          adastra22 wrote 12 hours 49 min ago:
          It is being restructured to no longer be a nonprofit, but a
          for-benefit corporation instead. That is why California's approval
          was required (and IMO is just as corrupt as it sounds).
       
            stefan_ wrote 10 hours 35 min ago:
            So they avoid billions of tax on nonprofit status, then magically
            get to keep it all when they are for-benefit? How about no, fuck
            you, dissolve?
       
              ergocoder wrote 10 hours 34 min ago:
              I mean, OpenAI has never been profitable. If anything, they are
              insanely unprofitable.
       
                terminalshort wrote 7 hours 39 min ago:
                The more interesting question is will they be able to deduct
                those past losses (while they were "nonprofit") from their
                future income in the same way they could if they had been a
                normal corporation all along.
       
            polski-g wrote 12 hours 9 min ago:
            But aren't non profits a federal thing with rules dictated by the
            IRS? Why is California involved?
       
              adastra22 wrote 9 hours 31 min ago:
              Corporations and nonprofits are a state regulated thing. The IRS
              only gets involved to approve whether donations are federally tax
              deductible and things like that, which apply to federal tax laws
              only.
       
              mrbabbage wrote 10 hours 53 min ago:
              Corporate law is overwhelmingly state law.  Every federally tax
              exempt entity is a state (or foreign) corporation or other kind
              of entity, and states (or foreign governments) impose rules on
              corporations registered in their borders.
              
              Plus, many states levy their own corporate taxes.  A nonprofit
              corporation needs to secure tax-exempt status from states as well
              as the federal government.  This is a necessary implication of
              America's dual-sovereignty system.
       
              wbl wrote 10 hours 57 min ago:
              Because charities are also regulated by states as are all
              corporations. There is no federal corporate governance statute.
       
              JumpCrisscross wrote 11 hours 56 min ago:
              > aren't non profits a federal thing with rules dictated by the
              IRS? Why is California involved?
              
              Most states incorporate federal rules for their own exemptions
              for charities and non-profits. California treating OpenAI to date
              as a non-profit has revenue implications for Sacramento.
       
              righthand wrote 12 hours 4 min ago:
              The Usa is divided into states, each with their own legal
              jurisdictions. Businesses tend to pay taxes to their state.
              OpenAI is headquartered in San Francisco, California.
       
          swyx wrote 13 hours 8 min ago:
          you can IPO the for-profit subsidiary. done before. the main tricky
          part is resolving the tax issues since as a non profit you are
          exempt, but obviously a for profit is not exempt from paying taxes
       
            throwup238 wrote 12 hours 51 min ago:
            Mozilla has this same structure (non-profit parent, for-profit
            subsidiary) because the subsidiary has to pay taxes on the money
            Google pays to be Firefox's default search engine.
            
            As do many gift shops attached to non-profit museums and art
            galleries.
       
              mdasen wrote 10 hours 20 min ago:
              The difference is that Mozilla’s for-profit arm is owned by the
              non-profit. The for-profit part of OpenAI is there to make a lot
              of individuals and for-profit corporations rich.
              
              OpenAI’s profit-generating subsidiary isn’t just there to
              further the non-profit mission like a museum gift shop or
              Mozilla’s for-profit subsidiary.
       
                throwup238 wrote 9 hours 10 min ago:
                That’s why this was scrutinized more and the California AG
                got involved but it’s not that rare either.
                
                Novo Nordisk the maker of Ozempic for example IPOd, diluting
                the Novo Nordisk Foundation’s share (though they still have
                controlling voting rights due to share classes IIRC) to raise
                money. SRI International spinoffs often get sold (Siri) or
                raise money and IPO (Nuance) diluting the nonprofit’s share
                significantly in the process.
                
                A nonprofit that owns a for profit subsidiary is no different
                than a regular shareholder and can decide that diluting to
                reward employees or get investors is worth it to grow the value
                of the whole company.
       
              scyzoryk_xyz wrote 10 hours 47 min ago:
              OpenAI - the AGI entity with a gift shop.
       
        jameslk wrote 13 hours 15 min ago:
        TFA:
        
        > OpenAI had spent months making the case that it was the economic
        heart of the California economy—and would be willing to leave if
        Bonta blocked its plan to convert to a simpler corporate structure. [1]
        :
        
        > California is my home, and I love it here, and when I talked to
        Attorney General Bonta two weeks ago I made clear that we were not
        going to do what those other companies do and threaten to leave if
        sued.
        
        Hmmm...
        
   URI  [1]: https://x.com/sama/status/1983223056668746218
       
          thaumaturgy wrote 9 hours 41 min ago:
          OpenAI announced $10 billion ARR in June of this year ( [1] ).
          
          Agriculture in California hit $61 billion in annual receipts in 2024
          ( [2] ).
          
          So, not that OpenAI isn't big, but, "the heart of the California
          economy"?
          
          OpenAI needs to IPO, because if they don't get in on the current meme
          stock economy, they're going to collapse.
          
   URI    [1]: https://www.cnbc.com/2025/06/09/openai-hits-10-billion-in-an...
   URI    [2]: https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/statistics/
       
          burningChrome wrote 10 hours 10 min ago:
          Musk said the same thing about CA too. All CEO's make decisions based
          on what is best for them and their companies. There is no loyalty in
          business.
          
          Edward Niedermeyer, author of “Ludicrous: The Unvarnished Story of
          Tesla Motors,” said Musk was happy to benefit from California’s
          largesse when it suited him and to move on when he saw fit.
          
          “I think Musk has made the calculation that he’s gotten all the
          benefits he’s likely to get out of the state and he’s moving on
          to the next one,” Niedermeyer said. “The state of California
          clearly thought that all its work bought loyalty [from Musk] but,
          instead, I think it bought a sense of entitlement.”
          
          Elon Musk’s messy divorce with California leaves ugly grievances
          all around:
          
   URI    [1]: https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-07-23/elon-mus...
       
          isx726552 wrote 11 hours 37 min ago:
          This feels like a narrative being pushed. Tech oligarchs these days
          are flexing by showing off how much they are able to bully
          government, and Altman wants to get in on the game by spinning things
          this way. I’m not convinced they really bent the rules for OpenAI
          any more than usual given they only employ a few hundred people.
       
            dmix wrote 11 hours 27 min ago:
            I doubt OpenAI has to try very hard to convince state politicians,
            especially to the point of bullying. It's usually the complete
            opposite where they throw money at you to stay.
            
            Imagine if California managed to scare away the hottest company in
            the world and all the tax revenue it brings...
       
            colinmorelli wrote 11 hours 32 min ago:
            OpenAI has over 5,000 employees. In addition to their headcount,
            they are now the highest valued private company in the world.
            
            They're going to have some leverage.
       
          swyx wrote 13 hours 12 min ago:
          > if Bonta blocked its plan to convert to a simpler corporate
          structure.
          
          i'm a bit out of the loop but honestly why does California have a
          say? surely the investor base and Microsoft was a far harder
          negotiation than this one. this one smells of govt overreach.
       
            array_key_first wrote 5 hours 52 min ago:
            Yes, blocking a NON-PROFIT from magically IPO-ing as a for profit
            company and therefore skirting years of taxes is overreach.
            
            Guys, the only state morally bankrupt enough to just allow that is
            Texas. Why do you think these tech bozos love Texas? It's basically
            cyberpunk over here. Our government actively hates us.
            
            We struck down paid water breaks in Texas. I once worked a job with
            no breaks at all. 10 hour days, no lunch. Yes, that's legal here.
       
              ergocoder wrote 3 hours 31 min ago:
              The point about profit is a bit moot because OpenAI would have
              never paid any tax if it were for profit, as in they haven't made
              any profit.
       
            conradev wrote 11 hours 29 min ago:
            But who oversees how charities use their assets and ensures that
            they are used for public benefit?
            
              That job lies with the Charitable Trusts Section of
            California’s Office of the Attorney General, which is part of the
            state’s Department of Justice. Charged with both regulatory and
            law enforcement responsibilities, the section has a big job.
            
   URI      [1]: https://www.svcf.org/about/news-media/blog/california-atto...
       
            mandevil wrote 12 hours 36 min ago:
            Because of the unusual history of OpenAI, the Government had far
            more of a say than normal for a company. Remember, OpenAI was
            originally created as a California non-profit (a charity doing work
            to create a better AI future). As a charity, it doesn't have to pay
            the same taxes as it would as a for-profit company, but in exchange
            it has more rules it needs to follow. And then it released ChatGPT,
            it exploded in value, it needed to raise truly absurd amounts of
            capital in order to get to the next model, and thus the lawyers had
            to spend a good long time extracting the company from the charity.
            
            For very good reasons, the laws make it hard to go from a charity
            to a for-profit company- because if you could easily transition
            between the two you could game tax laws with ease. In the end,
            being allowed to do this required negotiations, and promising to
            keep OpenAI in California- where they would be subject to other
            California regulations and taxes in the future.
            
            If they had a "normal" corporate history- had been founded as a
            Delaware S Corp from the beginning- then this wouldn't be a thing
            and they would be free to move as they like(1). But, being a weird
            charity probably helped them attract talent in the critical
            beginning phases (before it became a money race with Zuck), and it
            has consequences now.
            
            1: Just as an example, Palantir moved their corporate headquarters
            to Denver from Palo Alto years ago without a peep from the CA
            government.
       
              terminalshort wrote 7 hours 32 min ago:
              I don't know whether or not OpenAI should be allowed to convert
              to a for profit corporation.  That sounds like a complex legal
              question.  But I'm pretty damn sure that the decision absolutely
              shouldn't depend on whether or not the company stays in CA to
              provide a cash cow for the government on IPO.  This whole thing
              reeks of corruption.
       
              JumpCrisscross wrote 10 hours 15 min ago:
              > a California non-profit (a charity doing work to create a
              better AI future)
              
              Note: non-profit != charity. (All charities are non-profits. Not
              all non-profits are charities. PACs and non-profit hospitals, for
              example, are not charities, though the latter can have charitable
              arms.)
       
                mandevil wrote 8 hours 52 min ago:
                While that is true in the general case, OpenAI was founded as a
                501(c)3 to whom all donations were tax-deductible, which is why
                I used non-profit and charity interchangeably in describing it
                in particular. There was a for-profit subsidiary spun up in
                2019, four years after the original non-profit was created. But
                it was still owned and operated by the larger non-profit
                charity organization.
                
                See, for example, Charity Navigator's page on OpenAI:
                
   URI          [1]: https://www.charitynavigator.org/ein/810861541
       
            bix6 wrote 13 hours 0 min ago:
            Because the company was formed as a non-profit and now wants to
            cash out? He has to protect the integrity of non-profits as a
            distinct entity type.
       
            danielmarkbruce wrote 13 hours 7 min ago:
            The entity in question operates in california and is thus subject
            to california law. California has laws around charitable entities.
            
            One might reasonably claim it's overreach, but in response OpenAI
            could just leave the state. Which is what they threatened.
       
              wbl wrote 10 hours 55 min ago:
              Not when the AG sues the board and Sam for all the violations
              that happened around his ouster. The board isn't independent.
       
                terminalshort wrote 7 hours 32 min ago:
                Violations such as?
       
                  danielmarkbruce wrote 3 hours 47 min ago:
                  Such as those made up in people's heads because they don't
                  happen to like a guy they never met.
       
                danielmarkbruce wrote 9 hours 31 min ago:
                They absolutely can leave the state.
                
                Board independence is largely a silly idea, people aren't even
                on the same page as to what the board is supposed to be
                independent of, and in this case it's not even clear which
                board you mean - the current one? The previous one? In what way
                are they less independent than any other board?
       
                  JumpCrisscross wrote 8 hours 41 min ago:
                  > people aren't even on the same page as to what the board is
                  supposed to be independent of
                  
                  In the U.S. they absolutely are. The SEC defines independent
                  directors [1]. If the majority of a (Delaware corporation's)
                  Board isn't independent, it opens up the company and even
                  individual Board members to heightened scrutiny by the courts
                  [2]. [1]
                  
   URI            [1]: https://www.skadden.com/-/media/files/publications/2...
   URI            [2]: https://www.faegredrinker.com/en/insights/publicatio...
       
                    danielmarkbruce wrote 4 hours 38 min ago:
                    You link to a skadden doc, not an SEC rule, and in that doc
                    the first words are:
                    
                    "Independence is neither a fixed condition nor a universal
                    status for all purposes. " and goes on to talk about how
                    complicated it is to even define and how it depends on who
                    is defining it.
                    
                    Your document makes my exact point, not yours. You are out
                    of your depth.
       
                      JumpCrisscross wrote 2 hours 29 min ago:
                      > Independence is neither a fixed condition nor a
                      universal status for all purposes
                      
                      This is true of all law. That doesn’t mean “people
                      aren't even on the same page as to what” it means.
                      
                      > Your document makes my exact point, not yours. You are
                      out of your depth
                      
                      It doesn't and probably not. How many boards have you
                      been on? Public companies? Non-profit? Have you litigated
                      a shareholder lawsuit under Delaware law?
       
            hrimfaxi wrote 13 hours 10 min ago:
            Corporations exist at the pleasure of government do they not? They
            are not some naturally-existing thing.
       
              JumpCrisscross wrote 13 hours 3 min ago:
              > Corporations exist at the pleasure of government do they not?
              
              No. “At the pleasure of” means total discretion. The
              government can’t just stop letting businesses incorporate
              because it doesn’t like how a county voted.
       
                NickC25 wrote 9 hours 32 min ago:
                >The government can’t just stop letting businesses
                incorporate because it doesn’t like how a county voted.
                
                The government can revoke a corporation's charter at any time
                it desires to.
       
                  terminalshort wrote 7 hours 21 min ago:
                  No it can't.  It must comply with other constitutional
                  obligations like the equal protection clause and 1A. 
                  Basically any action to revoke the charter of a single
                  corporation (or group of corporations) for any reason other
                  than violating pre-existing law is going to be very hard to
                  justify in court.  And threatening to leave the state is
                  clearly not against the law (nor could it ever be because
                  that law would violate 1A).  Furthermore, even if a state is
                  able to revoke a corporate charter, it can't stop it from
                  re-incorporating in another state and continuing to do
                  business in the original state under its new charter
                  (commerce clause).
       
                hrimfaxi wrote 11 hours 34 min ago:
                Why can't the government do that? Is it because the government
                created laws that limited its total discretion? That is besides
                my point. The people allow for corporations to exist is what I
                was getting at, and in the US businesses incorporate at the
                state level. So asking why California has a say in the
                structure of a company incorporated in it seemed odd to me on
                its face.
       
                  terminalshort wrote 7 hours 13 min ago:
                  > Is it because the government created laws that limited its
                  total discretion?
                  
                  Yes.  As you said, "the people allow for corporations to
                  exist," and the same people created the government and allow
                  it to exist.  And when those people created that government
                  they created rules that govern what laws the government is
                  allowed to enact.  Those rules are known as the constitution.
                   And one of the first rules the people made when they created
                  the government is the aptly named "first amendment."  And
                  that rule clearly states that the government can't take legal
                  action against a citizen for saying something the government
                  doesn't like.  The CA government retaliating against OpenAI
                  for its CEO threatening to leave the state would clearly
                  violate this rule.
       
                    JumpCrisscross wrote 1 hour 22 min ago:
                    > that rule clearly states that the government can't take
                    legal action against a citizen for saying something the
                    government doesn't like. The CA government retaliating
                    against OpenAI for its CEO threatening to leave the state
                    would clearly violate this rule
                    
                    What? Conspiracy to commit a crime is punishable. If you're
                    credibly threatening to do something that could be
                    unlawful, the state can pursue that. Altman, of all people,
                    is not being punished for his speech. Nor has he any track
                    record of free speech bona fides to stand on.
       
                zeroonetwothree wrote 12 hours 55 min ago:
                There is no constitutional right to incorporate. Theoretically
                states could stop it at any time. Although they would still
                have to honor corporations formed in other states so it’s of
                limited effect.
       
                  terminalshort wrote 7 hours 28 min ago:
                  But there is a constitutional right to equal protection under
                  the law.  So while a state can say "everybody can
                  incorporate" or "nobody can incorporate" without scrutiny,
                  there are some pretty hash restrictions on rules that say
                  some people can incorporate and others can't, especially if
                  those restrictions look like they are written to be
                  retaliatory against someone who pissed off the government.
       
                  JumpCrisscross wrote 12 hours 39 min ago:
                  > There is no constitutional right to incorporate
                  
                  The Constitution directly grants very few individual rights.
                  It’s mostly a document about what the government can’t
                  do.
                  
                  > Theoretically states could stop it at any time
                  
                  Sure. That’s not “at the pleasure of.” Driver’s
                  licenses are not issued “at the pleasure of” a state.
                  Neither are marriage certificates. They’re issued as a
                  matter of process that binds both the issuer and recipient to
                  a predictable set of rules.
       
              atonse wrote 13 hours 6 min ago:
              I would think that sort of framing implies that the government
              gives them permission to exist.
              
              Rather than, the natural state is that they exist unless they do
              something bad enough to be shut down.
              
              Unless you mean, they need the government's "permission" to even
              file to become a corporation... But even in that case, you aren't
              asking for permission, you're doing the old school equivalent of
              signing up for a domain, you're submitting a filing and reserving
              a spot for that name/ID.
       
                palmotea wrote 12 hours 21 min ago:
                > I would think that sort of framing implies that the
                government gives them permission to exist.
                
                > Rather than, the natural state is that they exist unless they
                do something bad enough to be shut down.
                
                JFC, come on. Corporations are legal entities and have no
                existence separate from the law. If they even have a natural
                state, that natural state is non-existence.
       
                  JumpCrisscross wrote 10 hours 13 min ago:
                  > If they even have a natural state, that natural state is
                  non-existence
                  
                  A corporation is a legal fiction that describes an
                  association of people. The association is real and has a
                  natural state. The corporate existence does not. (Analogous:
                  a house is real. Land is real. Property is a social
                  construct.)
       
                    atonse wrote 9 hours 25 min ago:
                    This is exactly my point that you articulated in way fewer
                    words, thanks.
       
                  atonse wrote 10 hours 55 min ago:
                  Yeah I think we're splitting hairs and actually aren't in any
                  sort of disagreement here. I 100% agree that you have to be
                  registered on paper with a government entity to get all the
                  legal protections, insurance, etc etc etc. I've been a
                  business owner for nearly 20 years. Like, a real business,
                  with real paperwork and insurance and all that.
                  
                  I'm thinking of all the unofficial mom and pops that transact
                  and do business every day without having a proper legal
                  entity. so it's more of a "does that count as a business even
                  if they didn't file articles of incorporation?" of course it
                  does, as far as its customers are concerned.
                  
                  Think of the idea of "this guy has a lawn care business, I
                  pay him every week to mow my lawn for 10 years", as far as
                  his customers are concerned, he didn't need to get permission
                  from the government to start doing that.  And this sort of
                  thing happens all the time.
                  
                  I am NOT arguing whether a business where you filed articles
                  is a legal entity, etc. There's no question that they are.
                  
                  Hope that clarifies my point.
       
                    int_19h wrote 7 hours 2 min ago:
                    I mean, if Sam Altman wants to run OpenAI as individual
                    proprietorship, without the limited liability that
                    corporate shield gives, he's totally welcome to do so, and
                    that would require far less paperwork.
       
                  travisjungroth wrote 11 hours 56 min ago:
                  > All corporations are devoid of inherent nature.
                  
                  > There is no inherent nature whatsoever.
                  
                  > What is inherently existing is empty.
                  
                  > What is empty is inherently existing.
                  
                  Nāgārjuna vs Delaware
       
                ElevenLathe wrote 12 hours 59 min ago:
                It's more than that. When you file to incorporate, there is a
                birth. A new person is created, one that can potentially never
                die. Yes, it's routine, but it wasn't always, and it doesn't
                need to be forever. The ability to create a new, fake, person
                in order to shield yourself and your business partners from
                liability is a not a right. It is a deliberate policy that some
                sovereign jurisdictions allow their citizens.
       
        trilogic wrote 13 hours 21 min ago:
        OpenAi managed to keep Microsoft as major shareholder. Looking at the
        speed of growth Nvidia and friends are growing, OpenAI is 1 click far
        to IPO and one more click to 10x after IPO then finally buy Nvidia when
        GPU market cools down.
        
        Just sayin...
       
        leetharris wrote 13 hours 26 min ago:
        This is kind of a wild story. Sam Altman is openly flexing that he was
        able to skirt the rules and regulations by threatening economic damage
        to California. It's not even subtle anymore.
        
        This reminds me of when the former CEO of Hyundai, Chung Mong-koo, went
        to prison for embezzlement. In just 3 years he was pardoned because the
        President of South Korea basically said, "we need you for the economy."
        
        We're not even pretending that the government is in control anymore.
        It's just full on anarcho-capitalism on display.
       
          scottrogers86 wrote 11 hours 50 min ago:
          didn't Sam does this before with another company? he was able to
          restructure it and come out on top... searching for article... was it
          Helion? now that i think harder, didnt he comment about it on HN??
       
            clhodapp wrote 5 hours 26 min ago:
            You might be thinking of Reddit
       
          GolfPopper wrote 12 hours 33 min ago:
          That seems like expected behavior from someone whose barely veiled
          pitch is "the first one to AGI will IPO - Install Planetary
          Overlord.[1] Give me money and be part of the future ruling elite!"
          (Whether his actual plan is based on what he's saying in public, or
          to take the money and run, permanently install his company as in
          inescapable rent-extracting middle-man for modern life[2], or
          something else, I don't know.)
          
          1. Credit to Charles Stross, The Jennifer Morgue    
          2. Thneed-style capitalism
       
          trhway wrote 13 hours 9 min ago:
          The government believed him that OpenAI will stay in CA the same way
          that that government, OpenAI founders and others believed that OpenAI
          will be non-profit.
          
          I think here is the answer to another commenter's question about
          success - it looks like great success comes to one who is able to
          recognize in time when old obligations become "obsolete" and thus
          drop them well before those obligations start to block or heavily tax
          the way to further success.
       
          swyx wrote 13 hours 11 min ago:
          >  threatening economic damage to California.
          
          whoa there. corporations have the right to move to the best location
          for them. California does not have the eternal right to OpenAI's
          taxes and employee base. think about what you're implicitly assuming
          here. if one company simply leaving causes concerning "damage" then
          perhaps it is the government that is the problem, not the corporation
          driving economic growth.
       
            jayd16 wrote 7 hours 52 min ago:
            Maybe its the insane wealth gap that's the problem...
       
            dmitrygr wrote 8 hours 33 min ago:
            > California does not have the eternal right to OpenAI's taxes and
            employee base
            
            ehh.... [1] Skip to the "What California Can Still Tax After You
            Leave" section
            
            If they do this to people, i am sure they can to corps too
            
   URI      [1]: https://www.greenbacktaxservices.com/blog/california-exit-...
       
            dragonwriter wrote 13 hours 7 min ago:
            Corporations are applications of government power and have no
            natural rights, their legal rights are at best proxies for the
            rights of natural persons with some interest in them, and at worst
            a fiction which serves to limit the rights of natural persons.
            
            Also, having a right to do something does not contradict a
            description of you leveraging power by using a threat of doing it,
            in the first place.
       
              JumpCrisscross wrote 13 hours 0 min ago:
              > Corporations are applications of government power and have no
              natural rights
              
              Sure. Whatever. The people who own and work at OpenAI have no
              obligation to remain in California.
              
              (I’d also argue that global norms are currently walking back
              from the notion of natural rights pretty much everywhere except
              for in some parts of Europe. The concept doesn’t work without
              an appeal to divinity.)
       
                MichaelZuo wrote 11 hours 14 min ago:
                The legal entity is what owns the IP, contracts, obligations,
                property, etc… so even if 100% of the current employees and
                owners moved, their collective worth and prospects would be
                significantly reduced if the legal entity doesn’t also come
                along.
       
            rxyz wrote 13 hours 8 min ago:
            Corporations used to not have that much political power
       
              platevoltage wrote 8 hours 25 min ago:
              Yeah. The East India Company was famously powerless.
       
              krapp wrote 12 hours 52 min ago:
              Corporations used to have their own militaries, they colonized
              entire nations and owned people. They underwrote kings and
              empires.
       
                int_19h wrote 6 hours 59 min ago:
                While this is all true, they were limited to targeting smaller,
                less economically developed nations, where a private army was
                sufficient.
                
                Today, though, one can reasonably argue that megacorps have
                managed to successfully capture the most powerful government on
                Earth.
       
          danielmarkbruce wrote 13 hours 15 min ago:
          This is very cynical, and almost certainly deliberately false take.
          
          Many situations are fundamentally uncertain with respect to
          laws/rules in place. The idea that they "skirted rules and
          regulations" is wrong. Did they push in an attempt to get a decision
          made which would favor them? Sure. But there was a decision to be
          made.
          
          And, the people are supposed to be in control anyway, not the
          government.
       
            int_19h wrote 6 hours 56 min ago:
            This is Sam Altman we're talking about, a man with a long track
            record of conning people. I don't think any benefit of the doubt is
            warranted here - I'm going to assume guilty unless and until
            clearly proven innocent because you only get to screw people over
            so many times.
       
              danielmarkbruce wrote 4 hours 30 min ago:
              It doesn't matter who it is, it's naive about how the legal
              system works and takes the worst possible view of all the actors
              involved.
              
              This wasn't some straightforward matter. Many things are not.
              OpenAI are not obliged to passively sit and wait while various
              other parties try to influence the outcome (and there were many,
              and they weren't nobodies).
       
            coliveira wrote 10 hours 59 min ago:
            With cynical people, a cynical take is the right one.
       
          CamelCaseName wrote 13 hours 19 min ago:
          Can someone explain to me what Sam Altman is doing to be so far ahead
          of everyone else in terms of navigating these high stakes roles?
          
          This happened at YC and a number of other places too, he goes into
          situations with nothing and comes out on top despite all odds.
          
          Is he that skilled an operator, negotiator, or manipulator or
          something?
       
            nilkn wrote 5 hours 19 min ago:
            His pattern seems to be:
            
            (0) Be exceptionally intelligent and capable of applying that
            intelligence to people, not just code or math — necessary for
            everything that follows.
            
            (1) Keep attention diversified as long as possible until the
            winning path becomes obvious.
            
            (2) Focus on fringe bets, but pursue many simultaneously until one
            clearly dominates (see (1)).
            
            (3) Extreme social manipulation — people-pleasing, control- and
            power-seeking, selective transparency, skillful large-scale
            dishonesty, and a willingness to hurt or betray when it serves (1)
            and (2) and the relational cost is acceptable.
            
            (2) brought him into the startup ecosystem and the first YC batch
            in the first place (he had to start somewhere); combined with (3)
            he made an early fortune from a failed startup. (3) also
            ingratiated him with PG and others in those years. (1)+(2) ensured
            he always had exposure to every plausible frontier of the industry;
            when he was effectively fired from YC for (1)+(3), (2) made the
            OpenAI pivot the next obvious move — and a better one. (3) almost
            cost him his career a second time when the board fired him from
            OpenAI temporarily, but he survived because (3) also ensured he had
            enough to offer everyone else that he leveraged his way back in.
       
            btian wrote 10 hours 38 min ago:
            He has great foresight, which helps a lot in investing and
            operating OAI.
       
            coliveira wrote 11 hours 6 min ago:
            There is a book written about this topic. SA is the classic
            manipulator. He talks to each person whatever they want to hear,
            irrespective of what he really believes. Many of the things he says
            about AI and OpenAI are clear BS, but he'll sell that to anyone
            with a different flavor.
       
              alhazraed wrote 10 hours 8 min ago:
              What book?
       
                bazmattaz wrote 9 hours 9 min ago:
                ‘Empire of AI’ maybe?
       
            SecretDreams wrote 11 hours 16 min ago:
            > Is he that skilled an operator, negotiator, or manipulator or
            something?
            
            He probably has everything every politician has ever asked chatgpt
            index and ready to be emailed out at any given time?
       
            mrDmrTmrJ wrote 12 hours 28 min ago:
            It's a great question. Here are two Paul Graham (PG) quotes on Sam
            Altman (Sama) from 2008 and 2009.
            
            Note, PG is the founder of YC, Sam's former boss, and the one who
            removed Sam from the position of President of YC after first
            appointing Sam to succeed him as President of YC. (Sama was more
            focused on OpenAI than on YC at the time, which doesn't work when
            you're supposed to be leading YC.)
            
            2008 Essay "A Fundraising Survival Guide" [1] Sam Altman has it.
            You could parachute him into an island full of cannibals and come
            back in 5 years and he'd be the king. If you're Sam Altman, you
            don't have to be profitable to convey to investors that you'll
            succeed with or without them. (He wasn't, and he did.) Not everyone
            has Sam's deal-making ability. I myself don't. But if you don't,
            you can let the numbers speak for you.
            
            2009 Essay "5 Founders" [2] 5. Sam Altman
            I was told I shouldn't mention founders of YC-funded companies in
            this list. But Sam Altman can't be stopped by such flimsy rules. If
            he wants to be on this list, he's going to be.
            ... 
            What I learned from meeting Sama is that the doctrine of the elect
            applies to startups. It applies way less than most people think:
            startup investing does not consist of trying to pick winners the
            way you might in a horse race. But there are a few people with such
            force of will that they're going to get whatever they want.
            
            That's PG's take on Sama.
            
            I would say, looking at a wide range of Sam Altman's more
            investments [3] from OpenAI to Helion energy (Fusion), to Retro
            Biosciences (longevity), Neuralink (brain computer interface), to
            Reddit
            
            Sama really wants to "build the future," and when some of those
            investments "hit", like OpenAI did - basically become the first new
            company with a clear path to a $1T valuation since Facebook or
            TikTok), you gain immense credibility for "betting the future will
            happen and getting your organization there first."
            
            If YC's motto is "build something people want," and OpenAI is now
            serving 800M active users while delivering incredible revenue
            growth (and investors want to see both). Sama gains power by giving
            investors what they want, by giving users what they want, and
            basically authoring an entire new type of software company and a
            new part of the economy.
            
            A thing to note here is that, being a YC partner and top angel
            investor from 2011 to 2020, you can argue that Sam himself is "the
            most successful YC graduate." He saw thousands of companies go
            through YC. He saw hundreds of 'hard tech companies' go through YC.
            And in that decade, he could only have learned an immense amount
            about how VCs/successful CEOs think and make decisions. Certainly,
            we see the learnings of those experiences in what he's been able to
            pull off since.
            
   URI      [1]: https://www.paulgraham.com/fundraising.html
   URI      [2]: https://paulgraham.com/5founders.html
   URI      [3]: https://observer.com/2025/06/sam-altman-startup-investment...
       
            danielmarkbruce wrote 13 hours 3 min ago:
            It's a bit much to say he goes into situations with nothing - he,
            along with others created OpenAI. It's a decent sized company now
            and they have sway with governments. All decent sized companies do
            as employers. This kind of stuff happens all the time and it just
            doesn't get reported as much.
       
            bix6 wrote 13 hours 5 min ago:
            
            
   URI      [1]: https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/10/10/sam-altmans-...
       
            FloorEgg wrote 13 hours 13 min ago:
            I can only speculate so take it with a spoon of salt... But people
            who are really good at sussing out other people's wants can find
            ways to make more people happy. It's like a maze of interests and I
            guess he's just really motivated and good at navigating and
            aligning them (at least among the rich and powerful).
            
            He also seems to understand something about power and perception,
            in that he takes calculated risks that seem to keep working out.
            
            So in other words, he seems to be an extraordinarily skillful
            politician (in both the general and the Patrick Lencioni sense).
       
              thereitgoes456 wrote 12 hours 54 min ago:
              It's too early to say if his risks "keep working out".
              Restructuring is not a risk. His, and others', original decision
              to make the company a non-profit was also not a calculated risk
              in this sense.
              
              When he was fired from OpenAI, his use of employee manipulation
              to regain his position is not a risk; it is the only option he
              had. It was his bond maturing, of carefully cultivated loyalty he
              had accrued over years. Gaining that loyalty was not really a
              risk. It was smart politics.
              
              One risk he took is: signing away such a large portion of the
              company to Microsoft. I'm not sure whether that is working out.
              
              Another risk he took is: neglecting and sidelining the "safety"
              portion of his organization. This caused a talent exodus and led
              to the formation of many competitors. I'm not sure whether that
              is working out either.
       
                JumpCrisscross wrote 10 hours 10 min ago:
                > Restructuring is not a risk...his use of employee
                manipulation to regain his position is not a risk; it is the
                only option he had
                
                In both cases he had the option of accepting the status quo.
       
          kridsdale1 wrote 13 hours 23 min ago:
          Democracy lets us swap out our king and some of the nobles.
          
          The dukes and earls are still essential to run the nation, and must
          be courted.
       
        AndrewKemendo wrote 13 hours 34 min ago:
        It used to be that you could find an IPO underwriter after 100M in
        revenue and growing YoY above others in the competitive basket.
        
        I’m not sure that’s true anymore, I think you still need the
        revenue, but just need attention. everything else is just whatever
        because you can’t predict 10 year outcomes for any business at this
        point with any level of confidence, and there’s nothing to compare it
        to other than extremely different businesses.
        
        Ultimately it’s more of the same goal with differing levers:
        
        Offload a massive illiquid investment onto the public so that investors
        make their fund
        
        Make sure it can tread water long enough for people to forget about it
        so it can go through the long and slow enshittification period
        
        After all the prime investors have liquidated and some cooling period,
        risk of lawsuits from activist investors drops significantly, they can
        ratchet up the margins, do a few years of layoffs to pump the price.
        
        Then everyone involved is back to where they started, only the top 100
        richest people put even more distance between themselves and everyone
        else so they can now invest in radical life extension or whatever
       
          nemo44x wrote 5 hours 53 min ago:
          A ton of regulation happened after 2008/09. So to even become a
          public entity it’s a ton of effort and expense. And scrutiny. Not
          saying the laws are bad (but overdone) but the side effect is that
          small companies with upside don’t go to the public market now.
          Among other reasons like better developed VC outlets. That were
          formed because of the regulations.
       
          JumpCrisscross wrote 8 hours 25 min ago:
          > Offload a massive illiquid investment onto the public so that
          investors make their fund
          
          Anyone with OpenAI stock can do this in the private markets right now
          to the tune of hundreds of millions of dollars. Not billions. But I'm
          not convinced liquidity--versus appreciation, for investors, and
          access to capital, for the company--is the primary motivation for
          going public.
       
          neom wrote 12 hours 58 min ago:
          For folks curious, In terms of IPO, rule of 40 was common when I was
          involved in thinking about IPOs. [1] Depends how you look at it but
          at DO we shot for 50, ended around 55. (25 % growth + 30 %
          profitability)
          
   URI    [1]: https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/technology-media-and-tel...
       
          jppope wrote 13 hours 23 min ago:
          > "Offload a massive illiquid investment onto the public so that
          investors make their fund"
          
          This is what it looks like to me. Crazy growth numbers to bump the
          valuation and public interest, go public, gradually let the company
          shift into irrelevancy after major owners have cashed out.
          
          The smoke and mirrors part here is that no one except the AI research
          community knows what the ML/AI capabilities will look like in 5
          years. What that means is that the general public is probably going
          to eat up this IPO. Probably a better move to hedge by buying
          Microsoft, but whatevs.
       
          gretch wrote 13 hours 27 min ago:
          I agree with you and I hope you are right.
          
          >Offload a massive illiquid investment onto the public
          
          Because this state seems like a very solvable problem: All you have
          to is not buy it
       
            Jensson wrote 8 hours 33 min ago:
            > Because this state seems like a very solvable problem: All you
            have to is not buy it
            
            Your index fund will buy them.
       
            somanyphotons wrote 13 hours 23 min ago:
            ETFs like VOO will buy it eventually.
            
            It started me wondering if theres an ETF that explicitly avoids the
            top 20 companies
       
              d0odk wrote 13 hours 2 min ago:
              My gut instinct is that this would be a hugely underperforming
              investment strategy on both an absolute and risk adjusted basis.
              I would welcome empirical evidence contradicting my gut.
       
                jakub_g wrote 10 hours 53 min ago:
                There's SPXT (S&P 500 excluding tech sector), +79% in 5y, vs
                full S&P +110% in 5y.
                
                Obviously, in tech/AI bull market it can't be not
                underperforming.
       
                hshdhdhehd wrote 11 hours 13 min ago:
                I'd rather cross to international (including. US) than to that,
                for a less performing but more Black Swan proof fund.
       
              CGMthrowaway wrote 13 hours 9 min ago:
              XMGA
       
              NewJazz wrote 13 hours 21 min ago:
              Couldn't you set up some options to simulate that?
       
       
   DIR <- back to front page